A pap smear is a gynecologic procedure that tests women for cervical cancer. During a pap smear, cells are collected from the cervix and are tested for abnormalities. There are a few reasons why a pap may come back abnormal, including:
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
The most common reason for an abnormal pap smear is the human papillomavirus or HPV. HPV can cause mild, moderate, or severe changes to the cervical cells. These changes can go away with time. However, this sexually transmitted infection has, in some cases, been linked to cervical cancer. This is one of the key reasons why it’s crucial to get a pap smear every year for women over the age of 21.
Cervical Cancer
If your pap smear is abnormal, the odds that you have cervical cancer are quite low. However, when a pap does appear abnormal, the doctor may order a colposcopy to determine whether the abnormal cells are cancerous. In addition to HPV, factors that increase the risk of cervical cancer include smoking, a weakened immune system, and chlamydia infection. With yearly pap smears, it’s possible to catch cervical cancer in its early stages, when it’s the most treatable.
Other Infections
While it’s less common, other infections (such as bacterial and yeast infections) can cause an abnormal pap smear. Vaginal bacterial and yeast infections are common and highly treatable. If an infection other than HPV is determined to be the cause of your abnormal pap smear, your gynecologist will prescribe the appropriate medication.
The Aging Process
Women who have undergone menopause may have abnormal pap smears simply due to aging. The aging process causes cellular changes that can result in an abnormal pap, but this isn’t a reason for concern. It is still very important to continue to get paps after menopause.
Dr. Hayes at the Visionary Centre for Women provides concierge gynecology, including total pap smear care. Contact us today to schedule an appointment.
